Indonesia’s current account deficit pressures the middle class, forcing them to use their savings. The rupiah’s volatility has increased import costs, reducing household expenditure. Additionally, 81,290 layoffs between 2024 and 2025 and a significant decrease in middle class spending, from 21.45% in 2019 to 17.13% in 2024, paint a bleak outlook for the country’s economy.
Demand-centric labor-intensive industries may help our shrinking middle class
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